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英文外刊双语精读：海洋技术：乘风破浪 扬帆远航2024-01-13 12:25·成熟可爱熊猫Marine technology：The wind in their sails海洋技术：乘风破浪 扬帆远航Two teams-one French, one Swiss-plan to smash the sailing speed record来自法国和瑞士的两支队伍计划打破帆船速度纪录【1】Launched in 1869, the Cutty Sark was the fastest sailing ship of its time. These days the clipper is a London tourist attraction. In its prime, when it dashed across the world carrying tea from China and wool from Australia, it could reach a heady 17 knots (31.5kph, or 19.6mph). Modern racing yachts, employing radical designs based on 150 years of advances in aerodynamics and hydromechanics, go much faster. And even stranger craft are hoving into view, as part of an attempt to break the speed record for a sail-poweredcraft, which was set, in 2012, at 65 knots.卡蒂萨克号（Cutty Sark）于1869年下水是当时最快的帆船如今它已成为伦敦的旅游景点在其全盛时期它载着来自中国的茶叶和来自澳大利亚的羊毛穿梭世界时速可达17节（31.5公里/小时或19.6英里/小时）现代赛艇采用基于150年经验的空气动力学和流体力学进步的激进设计速度更快甚至还有一些更奇特的船只也出现在人们的视野中它们试图打破帆船的速度记录（于2012年创下的时速65节记录）【2】Speeds have been rising for years. In the 1970s, as hulls became narrower and slippier, racing yachts began to slice through water at more than 30 knots. In the 1980s daredevil windsurfers reached over 40 knots. They were overtaken in the 2000s by kitesurfers at more than 55 knots. The physical demands and risk of injury from balancing on a small board at such a pace, however, means that sailing vessels—of a sort—are back in the race.多年来帆船速度一直在提升20世纪70年代随着船体变得更窄、阻力更小赛艇在水上的行驶速度开始超过30节20世纪80年代勇敢的风帆冲浪者的速度达到了40节以上2000年代风筝冲浪者以超过55节的速度打破纪录然而以如此快的速度在小板上保持平衡对体力要求很大也带来了不小受伤风险这就意味着在某种意义上帆船将再次回归【3】The present record was set by Paul Larsen, an Australian. He used an odd-looking catamaran called Vestas Sailrocket 2, which rose above the water on hydrofoils and was propelled by a wingsail. These rigid structures, which resemble a vertically mounted aircraft wing, harness the wind more efficiently than cloth sails.目前的纪录创造者是澳大利亚的保罗·拉森（PaulLarsen）他使用了一艘名为Vestas Sailrocket 2的外观奇特的双体船该船依靠水翼浮于水面并由翼帆驱动这些刚性结构类似于垂直安装的飞机机翼对风的利用效率比布帆更高【4】The record is set over a one-way run of 500 metres. To qualify, a craft has to be able to float, have at least one person on board, be propelled only by the wind and be in contact with the water. The new contenders comply with these rules, though, like Mr Larsen’s craft, neither looks much like an ordinary sailing boat. One, called SP80, has its origins in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne. The other comes from Syroco, a marine-technology startup based in Marseille, in France.拉森先生在500米的单向航行中创下了该记录要符合参赛规则船只必须能够漂浮在水面上且上面至少有一个人只能由风驱动并需要与水接触虽然新的参赛者遵守了这些规则但是他们的船和拉森先生的船一样看起来都不像普通的帆船其中一艘名为SP80来自于瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院（Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne）另一艘来自一家位于法国马赛的海洋技术初创公司Syroco【5】The SP80 (pictured) resembles a futuristic jet fighter. Rather than a sail or a wingsail, the vessel is propelled by a kite. At high speeds, only the front of the boat and the two pods on either side are in contact with the water, minimising drag. The pilot sits in the front of the cockpit and steers. The co-pilot, in the back seat, is in charge of the kite. At these high speeds it’s best to be focused on only one crucial task, says Laura Manon, one of the team. They have a set up base in Leucate, on the coast of southern France, to prepare for a record attempt next year.SP80（如图）有些像未来式喷气式战斗机该船驱动力不是来自帆或翼帆而是风筝在高速行驶时只有船的前部和两侧的两个吊舱与水接触从而最大限度地减少阻力驾驶员坐在驾驶舱前部负责掌舵后座的副驾驶负责风筝团队成员之一劳拉·马农 (Laura Manon) 说：在如此高的速度下最好只专注于一项关键任务他们在法国南部海岸的勒卡特（Leucate）建立了一个基地准备在明年挑战记录【6】Syroco is also going for a two-seater, although its craft is even more unusual. It too is powered by a kite. The body of the boat is a torpedo-shaped compartment in which the crew sit. As the kite pulls the compartment faster, it rises out of the sea and into the air, reducing drag as much as possible. Only a small hydrofoil remains in the water, anchoring the craft and stopping it from flying away entirely.Syroco也选择了一艘双座船但是它的工艺更加不寻常这艘船也由风筝提供动力船体是一个鱼雷形的舱室船员们坐在里面风筝拉动舱室的速度更快时它就会从海里升到空中从而尽可能地减少阻力水中只剩下一个小水翼将船固定住防止它完全飞离水面【7】Alexandre Caizergues, one of Syroco’s co-founders (and the holder of several kitesurfing records), will be the pilot in charge. We have two wings, one in the air and one in the water, he says. Exactly how each will be controlled is still being worked out using a scaled-down radio-controlled prototype before choosing a final design.Syroco的联合创始人之一（同时也是几项风筝冲浪纪录的保持者）亚历山大·卡泽格（Alexandre Caizergues）将担任掌舵的驾驶员他说：我们有两个翼一个在空中一个在水中在选择最终设计之前他们仍在使用缩小的无线电控制模型来确定每个装置的具体控制方式【8】One problem both teams face is a phenomenon known as cavitation. This occurs because a fast moving surface—such as a hydrofoil or a propeller blade—creates an area of low pressure at its rear. That allows vapour bubbles to form, causing turbulence that can slow a boat and can even damage its structure. Part of both firms’ secret sauce will be designing hydrofoils that can cope with the problem.两支队伍都面临的一个问题是空化现象这是因为表面快速移动——如水翼或螺旋桨叶片——会在其后方产生低压区域这会形成蒸汽泡沫引起湍流从而减慢船只甚至损坏船只结构两家公司的核心技术之一将是设计能够应对这一问题的水翼【9】If everything goes according to plan, the record might not only be broken, but smashed. Both teams have set their sights on a speed of 80 knots. And this go-faster technology might have other uses. Some experimental cargo ships are already being fitted with wingsails to cut fuel costs, and kite-towing is also being tried. A return to wind power in commercial shipping would mark a pleasing closing of the historical circle. But wingsails and kites are unlikely to look as magnificent as the Cutty Sark once did, with all 32 sails billowing.如果一切按计划进行记录可能不仅会被打破而且会打破地彻彻底底两支队伍都将速度目标定为80节这种速度提升的技术或许还能有其他用途一些实验性货船已经安装了翼帆以降低燃料成本风筝拖曳式驱动方式也在尝试中商业航运回归风能将标志着历史循环的愉快回归但翼帆驱动和风筝驱动的帆船都不太可能像卡蒂萨克号曾经那样宏伟做到32帆竞相飘扬①短语1.原文：These days the clipper is a London tourist attraction.词典：tourist attraction 旅游景点例句：Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction.白金汉宫是重要的旅游胜地2.原文：In its prime, when it dashed across the world carrying tea from China and wool from Australia, it could reach a heady 17 knots (31.5kph, or 19.6mph).词典：in one's prime 处于黄金时期例句：Your father is still in his prime; why should he be so eager to retire?尊大人精神正旺何以就这般急流勇退?3.原文：And even stranger craft are hoving into view, as part of an attempt to break the speed record for a sail-powered craft, which was set, in 2012, at 65 knots.词典：hove into view 出现在视野中例句：The train that now hove into view was clearly of a much older vintage.现在进入视野的火车显然是一种古老得多的车型4.原文：The new contenders comply with these rules, though, like Mr Larsen’s craft, neither looks much like an ordinary sailing boat.词典：comply with 遵守遵循例句：She must be made to comply with the rules.必须让她遵守规则5.原文：Rather than a sail or a wingsail, the vessel is propelled by a kite.词典：rather than 而不是例句：The problem was psychological rather than physiological.这是个心理而不是生理问题6.原文：At high speeds, only the front of the boat and the two pods on either side are in contact with the water, minimising drag.词典：in contact with 与……接触例句：They are in direct contact with the hijackers.他们与劫机者直接联系7.原文：The co-pilot, in the back seat, is in charge of the kite.词典：in charge of 负责例句：I was put in charge of the office.他们让我负责管理这个办公室8.原文：They have a set up base in Leucate, on the coast of southern France, to prepare for a record attempt next year.词典：prepare for 为……做准备例句：I need to prepare for my job interview tomorrow.我需要为明天的面试做准备9. 原文：Both teams have set their sights on a speed of 80 knots.词典：set sights on 瞄准把目光投向例句：They have set their sights on the world record.他们把目标瞄向了世界纪录10. Some experimental cargo ships are already being fitted with wingsails to cut fuel costs, and kite-towing is also being tried.词典：be fitted with 配备例句：The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器②长难句原文：The physical demands and risk of injury from balancing on a small board at such a pace, however, means that sailing vessels—of a sort—are back in the race.分析：在这个句子当中句子的主语是The physical demands and risk of injury from balancing on a small board at such a pacemeans是谓语that引导宾语从句sailing vessels are back in the racehowever和of a sort是插入语译文：然而以如此快的速度在小板上保持平衡对体力要求很大也带来了不小受伤风险这就意味着在某种意义上帆船将再次回归原文：These rigid structures, which resemble a vertically mounted aircraft wing, harness the wind more efficiently than cloth sails.分析：在这个句子当中句子的主语是These rigid structuresharness是谓语the wind是宾语more efficiently than cloth sails是状语表示对比which引导定语从句修饰限定主语These rigid structure从句主语是which谓语是resemble宾语是a vertically mounted aircraft wing译文：这些刚性结构类似于垂直安装的飞机机翼对风的利用效率比布帆更高③写作技巧As the kite pulls the compartment faster, it rises out of the sea and into the air, reducing drag as much as possible.当风筝拉动舱室的速度更快时它就会从海里升到空中从而尽可能地减少阻力As much as possible是一个短语通常用于表示尽量多、尽可能多强调在一定范围内最大化数量或程度它常用于表达最大程度的努力、尝试或达到某个目标用法解读：作为副词短语修饰动词、形容词或副词强调尽量多、尽可能多地做某事写作建议：在写作中这个短语可用于增强语气表达作者或说话人在某方面付出了很大努力或者希望读者也尽量去做某事例句：She studied as much as possible for the exam.她为考试尽了最大的努力Please save as much as possible before the sale ends.请在促销结束之前尽量存钱We try to use renewable energy as much as possible.我们尽可能使用可再生能源④背景知识节（Knot）：以每小时海里数表示的航速单位卡蒂萨克号（Cutty Sark又名短衬衫号、克里斯蒂克号等）是一艘现存在世的最古老飞剪式帆船款式是英国3桅快速机帆船长64.7公尺卡蒂萨克是英国制造的最后一艘飞剪式帆船也是最快的一艘自此后帆船被蒸气动力船而取代卡蒂萨克号现位于英国泰晤士河旁的格林尼治港口上作为博物馆管理组织为卡蒂萨克号信托空化现象是指当快速移动的表面（例如水翼或螺旋桨叶片）在其后方创建低压区域时使蒸汽泡沫形成的现象这个低压区域允许蒸汽泡沫形成导致湍流并可能减缓船只的速度甚至损害其结构在涉及高速水动力系统的情况下空化是一个重要的工程问题需要设计合适的水动力形状以减轻或避免这种现象⑤段落大意【1】背景引入：卡蒂萨克号曾是史上最快帆船现代赛艇创新设计打破速度纪录【2】背景深入：帆船速度提升再次重返赛场【3】现行记录：保罗·拉森的双体船创速度纪录【4】记录挑战：SP80和Syroco计划挑战纪录分别来自瑞士和法国技术团队【5】技术改进：SP80采用风筝驱动改进船体【6】技术改进：Syroco也采用风筝推动船体鱼雷形状降低阻力【7】模型试验：目前需要无线电控制模型来确定每个装置的具体控制方式【8】技术难关：团队面临空化问题设计水翼解决【9】未来前景：技术提升可能有利于提升其他用途